Q: What is the prevalence of diabetes in people who are overweight or obese?
A: Among people diagnosed with type 2 (noninsulin-dependent) diabetes, 67 percent have a BMI > 27 and 46 percent have a BMI > 30.[14] About 17 million people in the U.S. have type 2 diabetes, accounting for more than 90 percent of diabetes cases.[15] An additional 20 million have impaired glucose tolerance, sometimes called pre-diabetes, which is a strong risk factor for developing diabetes later in life. An estimated 70 percent of diabetes risk in the U.S. can be attributed to excess weight.[16] For more statistics on diabetes, go to:
http://www.diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm...tics/index.htm.
Q: What is the prevalence of hypertension (high blood pressure) in people who are overweight or obese?
A: The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension in overweight U.S. adults is 22.1 percent for men with BMI ˇ 25 and < 27; 27.0 percent for men with BMI > 27 and < 30; 27.7 percent for women with BMI > 25 and < 27; and 32.7 percent for women BMI > 27 and < 30. In comparison, the prevalence of hypertension in adults who are not overweight (BMI <25) is 14.9 percent for men and 15.2 percent for women. The prevalence in adults who are obese (BMI > 30) is 41.9 percent for men and 37.8 percent for women.17 (Hypertension is defined as mean systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg, mean diastolic > 90 mm Hg, or currently taking antihypertensive medication.)
Q: What is the prevalence of high blood cholesterol in people who are overweight or obese?
A: The age-adjusted prevalence of high blood cholesterol (> 240 mg/dL) in overweight U.S. adults is 19.1 percent for men with BMI > 25 and < 27; 21.6 percent for men with BMI > 27 and < 30; 30.5 percent for women with BMI > 25 and < 27; and 29.6 percent for women BMI > 27 and < 30. In comparison, the prevalence of high cholesterol in adults who are not overweight (BMI <25) is 13.0 percent for men and 13.4 percent for women. The prevalence for adults who are obese (BMI > 30) is 22.0 percent for men and 27.0 percent for women.[17]
Q: What is the prevalence of cancer in people who are overweight or obese?
A: While direct prevalence information is not available, a recent study found that people whose BMI was 40 or more had death rates from cancer that were 52 percent higher for men and 62 percent higher for women than rates for normal-weight men and women. Overweight and obesity could account for 14 percent of cancer deaths among men and 20 percent among women in the U.S. In both men and women, higher BMI is associated with higher death rates from cancers of the esophagus, colon and rectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and kidney. The same trend applies to cancers of the stomach and prostate in men and cancers of the breast, uterus, cervix, and ovaries in women.[18] Almost half of post-menopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer have a BMI > 29.19 In one study (the Nurses’ Health Study), women gaining more than 20 pounds from age 18 to midlife doubled their risk of breast cancer, compared to women whose weight remained stable.[20]
Q: What is the mortality rate associated with obesity?
A: Most studies show an increase in mortality rate associated with obesity (BMI > 30). Obese individuals have a 50 to 100 percent increased risk of death from all causes, compared with normal-weight individuals (BMI 20–25). Most of the increased risk is due to cardiovascular causes.[21] Life expectancy of a moderately obese person could be shortened by 2 to 5 years. White men between 20 and 30 years old with a BMI > 45 could shorten their life expectancy by 13 years; white women in the same category could lose up to 8 years of life. Young African American men with a BMI > 45 could lose up to 20 years of life; African American women, up to 5.[22]
Overweight and obesity are known risk factors for:
*diabetes
*heart disease
*stroke
*hypertension
*gallbladder disease
*osteoarthritis (degeneration of cartilage and bone of joints)
*fatty liver disease
*sleep apnea and other breathing problems
* some forms of cancer (uterine, breast, colorectal, kidney, and gallbladder)
Obesity is also associated with:
*high blood cholesterol
*complications of pregnancy
*menstrual irregularities
*hirsutism (presence of excess body and facial hair)
*stress incontinence (urine leakage caused by weak pelvic-floor muscles)
*psychological disorders such as depression
* increased surgical risk
http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/nutr...m#addresources
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