I was about the same weight you are now when I had my surgery last year in July. I'm about 235 now. I bought a hybrid bike and started cycling about a month ago. I really enjoy riding the bike. Once you start losing weight and exercising, I think you will be surprised how far you can go on a bicycle, and how much fun it is. Regarding your question about bicycles and rider weight, I found this on the internet:
bicycle weight capacity
After reading articles about configuring a bike based on rider size and weight, I filled my tires to the max pressure and made adjustments to the front fork for my weight.